International Lung Cancer Awareness Month | Scientific understanding of lung adenocarcinoma, do you know lung adenocarcinoma?
Lung adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer, accounting for about 35%~40%. This cancer mainly originates from the bronchial mucosal epithelium, and cancer cells form glands (a structure with secretory function) or glandular structures, so it is called lung adenocarcinoma.
If lung adenocarcinoma is detected and treated early, the five-year survival rate can be as high as over 90%.
Lung adenocarcinoma has the following three characteristics:
First, the lesions of lung adenocarcinoma are usually in the peripheral area of the lungs, far away from the central airway, and the imaging manifestations are mostly ground glass nodules, that is, they are translucent in CT scans and can be found earlier.
Second, lung adenocarcinoma grows slowly and is less likely to metastasize. According to cell morphology, lung cancer is divided into two categories: small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer. Among them, small cell lung cancer has a lower incidence, but the highest malignancy and the worst treatment effect; lung adenocarcinoma belongs to non-small cell lung cancer, and its "character" is relatively mild. The imaging characteristics usually do not change much in a few years, and the early malignancy is low.
Third, because the lesions of lung adenocarcinoma are usually far away from the central airway, surgical resection is relatively easy, and the damage to surrounding tissues is less, so more healthy lung tissue can be preserved. In addition to traditional radiotherapy and chemotherapy, there are now new therapies such as targeted therapy and immunotherapy, which can significantly improve prognosis.
Many people know that cancer is divided into four stages: I, II, III, and IV. Some people have raised the question: What is "stage 0 lung adenocarcinoma"?
In medicine, the TNM staging system is used to evaluate the size and location of the tumor, whether it invades surrounding tissues, and whether it has distant metastasis. Among them, T (Tumor) represents the size and location of the tumor, N (Node) represents lymph node metastasis, and M (Metastasis) represents distant metastasis. The I, II, III, and IV stages are a comprehensive and simplified version based on the TNM staging system for patients to better understand. For example, stage I usually represents the early stage, with a small tumor, no lymph node metastasis, and no distant metastasis; stage IV is the late stage of lung cancer, and distant metastasis usually occurs
Stage 0 lung adenocarcinoma can be generally understood as "earlier" than stage I lung cancer. Its full name is 'Tumor in situ', which is translated into 'carcinoma in situ' in Chinese. This is the first stage in which normal tissue transforms into cancer cells. "As the name implies, carcinoma in situ means that the cancer cells stay in place, do not penetrate the basement membrane, do not invade the surrounding normal tissues, and do not metastasize to distant places, so the risk of carcinoma in situ is very low." If cancer cells are compared to a "bad seed", the situation of carcinoma in situ is that the "bad seed" has not germinated, has not grown roots deep into the soil, and has not spread to other places.
In 2021, the World Health Organization released the "WHO Histological Classification of Lung Tumors" (Fifth Edition), which classified carcinoma in situ as a "precursor lesion"
This means that carcinoma in situ is "kicked out" of the scope of malignant tumors. In the past, we also called carcinoma in situ "inert nodules", which grow very slowly and even dormant. A patient diagnosed with carcinoma in situ had no changes in his lung nodules for 16 years.
For the early diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma, the conventional method is to use X-ray examination, CT scan and bronchoscopy. As a one-stop medical equipment supplier, INNORKOM provides one-stop procurement solutions for X-ray equipment, CT scanning equipment and bronchoscopes.
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